Nukleárny seminár - Alexander Zakharov (20.4.2016)

v stredu 20.4.2016 o 15:00 v miestnosti F1/364

18. 04. 2016 11.01 hod.
Od: Jaroslav Staníček

Nukleárny seminár Katedry jadrovej fyziky a biofyziky (KJFB) FMFI UK, Slovenskej fyzikálnej spoločnosti a Slovenskej nukleárnej spoločnosti

Prednášajúci: prof. Alexander Zakharov (ITEP, Moscow & BLTP JINR, Dubna)

Názov: Discovery of gravitational waves

Temín: 20.4.2016, 15:00, zasadačka KJFBF (F1/364)

Abstrakt:
Soon after the final formulation of general relativity (GR) in 1916 A. Einstein predicted an existence of gravitational waves (GWs). A history of gravitational radiation studies is outlined. A starting point of intensive studies of GR (including gravitational waves) was GR1 in Chapel Hill (NC) in 1957. We introduce basic relations describing gravitational radiation. First claims by J. Weber about a discovery of GWs have been published in sixties. The discovery of the binary pulsar by Hulse and Taylor in 1974 and an indirect confirmation of gravitational radiation are discussed. The current status of ground based laser interferometers (LIGO, VIRGO, Kagra) is presented. Since September 2015, LIGO detectors (Louisiana and Hanford) were in action and on February 11, 2016 the joint LIGO and Virgo team announced the discovery of GW's observed by two LIGO detectors in September 14, 2015. Perspectives of multi-messenger astronomy connected with GW's observations are outlined. Other facilities to detect GW's such as pulsar timing arrays, bar detectors, Laser interferometer in space (e-LISA and ASTROD) and observations of polarization in CMB are discussed.

Perspectives of GW's observations for detection of black holes and for test of GR in the strong gravitational field limit are described. Constraints on alternative theories of gravity (including massive graviton theories) can be obtained from GW's observations. We discuss perspectives of astronomy development with future observations of gravitational radiation.